First Aid

Burns are classified in three stages based on their severity. Below are some basic first-aid guidelines to follow immediately after a burn. Any burn deeper than a sun burn should be evaluated by a physician. Remember, if clothing is on fire – stop, drop and roll.

First-degree

The least serious burns, in which the skin is usually red, with swelling and pain sometimes present.

  • Cool the burn under cold running water for at least five minutes
  • Do not use ice
  • Do not use lards, butter or ointments
  • Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage
  • Take an over the counter pain reliever

Second-degree

The burns are deeper with blisters and severe pain.

  • Cool the burn under cold running water for at least five minutes
  • Do not use ice
  • Do not break any blisters
  • Cover the burn with a sterile gauze bandage
  • Treat as a major burn and get medical help

Third-degree burns

The most serious burns are painless – they involve several layers of tissue damage and tissue may be charred black or appear dry and white.

  • Dial 911 or call for emergency medical assistance immediately
  • Do not remove burnt clothing
  • Do not immerse large, severe burns in cold water
  • Check for circulation, breathing, coughing and movement; if no circulation, begin CPR
  • Difficulty breathing may occur if smoke inhalation accompanies burn
  • Elevate the burned body part above heart level, if possible
  • Cover the burn with a clean, moist bandage or cloth